An yi bitar wannan labarin bisa ga tsare-tsare da manufofin edita na Science X. Editocin sun jaddada waɗannan halaye yayin da suke tabbatar da sahihancin abubuwan da ke ciki:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) muhimmin abu ne ga rayuwa a Duniya da kuma iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli wanda ke taimakawa wajen dumamar yanayi. A yau, masana kimiyya suna nazarin carbon dioxide a matsayin wata hanya mai kyau don samar da mai mai sabuntawa, mai ƙarancin carbon da kuma kayayyakin sinadarai masu daraja.
Kalubalen da masu bincike ke fuskanta shine gano hanyoyin da suka dace kuma masu inganci don canza carbon dioxide zuwa matsakaicin carbon mai inganci kamar carbon monoxide, methanol ko formic acid.
Wata ƙungiyar bincike da KK Neuerlin na National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ke jagoranta da kuma masu haɗin gwiwa a Argonne National Laboratory da Oak Ridge National Laboratory sun sami mafita mai kyau ga wannan matsala. Ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙiro hanyar canza yanayi don samar da formic acid daga carbon dioxide ta amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa tare da ingantaccen makamashi da dorewa.
An buga binciken, mai taken "Scalable membrane electrode assembly for efficient electrochemical converting of carbon dioxide to formic acid," a cikin mujallar Nature Communications.
Formic acid wani sinadari ne mai yuwuwa wanda ke da amfani iri-iri, musamman a matsayin kayan masarufi a masana'antar sinadarai ko halittu. An kuma gano Formic acid a matsayin abincin da za a iya tace shi zuwa mai tsafta na jiragen sama.
Electrolysis na CO2 yana haifar da raguwar CO2 zuwa tsaka-tsakin sinadarai kamar formic acid ko ƙwayoyin halitta kamar ethylene lokacin da aka shafa ƙarfin lantarki a cikin ƙwayar electrolytic.
Haɗakar membrane-electrode (MEA) a cikin na'urar lantarki yawanci tana ƙunshe da membrane mai gudanar da ion (membrane na musayar cation ko anion) wanda aka haɗa tsakanin electrodes guda biyu waɗanda suka ƙunshi electrocatalyst da polymer mai gudanar da ion.
Ta amfani da ƙwarewar ƙungiyar a fannin fasahar man fetur da kuma hydrogen electrolysis, sun yi nazarin tsare-tsaren MEA da dama a cikin ƙwayoyin electrolytic don kwatanta rage sinadarin CO2 da formic acid.
Dangane da nazarin gazawar da aka yi wa zane-zane daban-daban, ƙungiyar ta yi ƙoƙarin amfani da iyakokin kayan da ake da su, musamman rashin ƙin ion a cikin membranes na musayar anion na yanzu, da kuma sauƙaƙe tsarin gabaɗaya.
Ƙirƙirar da KS Neierlin da Leiming Hu na NREL suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar na'urar lantarki ta MEA electrolyzer ta amfani da sabon na'urar musayar cation mai ramuka. Wannan na'urar da aka huda tana samar da samar da formic acid mai daidaito, mai zaɓe sosai kuma tana sauƙaƙa ƙira ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan da ba a shirya ba.
"Sakamakon wannan binciken yana wakiltar wani sauyi a fannin samar da sinadarai masu amfani da sinadarai kamar formic acid," in ji marubucin Neierlin. "Tsarin membrane mai ramuka yana rage sarkakiyar ƙira ta baya kuma ana iya amfani da shi don inganta ingancin makamashi da dorewar sauran na'urorin canza carbon dioxide na lantarki."
Kamar kowace nasara ta kimiyya, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abubuwan da suka shafi farashi da yuwuwar tattalin arziki. A cikin aiki a sassa daban-daban, masu binciken NREL Zhe Huang da Tao Ling sun gabatar da wani bincike na fasaha da tattalin arziki wanda ke gano hanyoyin cimma daidaiton farashi tare da tsarin samar da formic acid na masana'antu na yau lokacin da farashin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa ya kai ko ƙasa da senti 2.3 a kowace kilowatt-hour.
"Ƙungiyar ta cimma waɗannan sakamakon ta amfani da abubuwan ƙarfafawa da ake samu a kasuwa da kayan membrane na polymer, yayin da take ƙirƙirar ƙirar MEA wadda ke amfani da ƙarfin haɓaka ƙwayoyin mai na zamani da kuma masana'antun hydrogen electrolysis," in ji Neierlin.
"Sakamakon wannan bincike zai iya taimakawa wajen mayar da iskar carbon dioxide zuwa mai da sinadarai ta amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa da hydrogen, wanda hakan zai hanzarta sauyawa zuwa haɓakawa da kasuwanci."
Fasahar canza lantarki muhimmin abu ne na shirin NREL na Electrons zuwa Molecules, wanda ke mai da hankali kan hydrogen mai sabuntawa na gaba, sifili mai, sinadarai da kayan aiki don hanyoyin da ake amfani da su ta hanyar lantarki.
"Shirinmu yana binciko hanyoyin amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa don canza ƙwayoyin halitta kamar carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa mahadi waɗanda za su iya zama tushen makamashi," in ji Randy Cortright, darektan dabarun canja wurin lantarki da/ko abubuwan da suka riga suka fara samar da mai ko sinadarai na NREL."
"Wannan binciken canza sinadaran lantarki yana samar da wani ci gaba wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin canza sinadarai daban-daban, kuma muna fatan samun sakamako mai kyau daga wannan rukunin."
Ƙarin bayani: Leiming Hu et al., Tsarin haɗakar lantarki mai sassauƙa don ingantaccen canza CO2 zuwa formic acid, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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