Labarai – Ƙara yawan buƙatar mai da aka yi da carbon don samar da makamashi ga tattalin arziki yana ci gaba da ƙara yawan carbon dioxide (CO2) a cikin iska. Duk da yake ana ƙoƙarin rage fitar da iskar CO2, wannan ba ya rage illar da iskar gas ɗin da ke cikin sararin samaniya ke haifarwa ba. Don haka masu bincike sun fito da hanyoyi masu ƙirƙira don amfani da CO2 na yanayi ta hanyar canza shi zuwa abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar formic acid (HCOOH) da methanol. Rage amfani da CO2 ta amfani da photocatalysts ta amfani da haske mai gani a matsayin mai kara kuzari hanya ce da aka fi sani da ita don irin waɗannan canje-canje.
A cikin sabon ci gaban da aka samu, wanda aka bayyana a cikin bugu na duniya na Angewandte Chemie a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2023, Farfesa Kazuhiko Maeda da tawagarsa ta bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tokyo sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci. Sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙarfe-organic (MOF) na tin (Sn) wanda ke haɓaka rage yawan CO2. An sanya wa MOF ɗin da aka gabatar kwanan nan suna KGF-10 kuma dabarar sinadaransa ita ce [SnII2(H3ttc)2.MeOH]n (H3ttc: trithiocanuric acid, MeOH: methanol). Ta amfani da hasken da ake iya gani, KGF-10 yana canza CO2 zuwa formic acid (HCOOH) yadda ya kamata. Farfesa Maeda ya bayyana, "Zuwa yau, an haɓaka yawancin masu ɗaukar hoto masu inganci don rage CO2 bisa ga karafa masu wuya da daraja. Duk da haka, haɗa ayyukan ɗaukar haske da catalytic zuwa naúrar kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na karafa ya kasance ƙalubale." Don haka, Sn ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne ɗan takara mafi dacewa don shawo kan waɗannan cikas biyu."
Ana binciken MOFs, waɗanda suka haɗa fa'idodin karafa da kayan halitta, a matsayin madadin masu ɗaukar hoto na gargajiya bisa ga ƙarfe mai wuya. Sn, wanda aka san shi da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto da kuma mai ɗaukar haske a cikin hanyoyin ɗaukar hoto, zai iya zama zaɓi mai kyau ga masu ɗaukar hoto na MOF. Kodayake an yi nazari sosai kan MOFs waɗanda suka ƙunshi zirconium, ƙarfe, da gubar, fahimtar MOFs waɗanda suka dogara da Sn har yanzu yana da iyaka. Ana buƙatar ƙarin nazari da nazari don cikakken bincika yuwuwar da yuwuwar amfani da MOFs waɗanda suka dogara da Sn a fannin ɗaukar hoto.
Don haɗa MOF KGF-10 mai tushen tin, masu binciken sun yi amfani da H3ttc (trithiocanuric acid), MeOH (methanol), da tin chloride a matsayin abubuwan farawa. Sun zaɓi 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole a matsayin mai ba da wutar lantarki da tushen hydrogen. Bayan haɗakarwa, an yi amfani da KGF-10 da aka samu ta hanyoyi daban-daban na nazari. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa kayan yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin shaƙar CO2 tare da tazara ta 2.5 eV da kuma ingantaccen sha a cikin kewayon raƙuman ruwa da ake iya gani.
Da yake suna da ilimin zahiri da sinadarai na sabon kayan, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da shi don haɓaka rage carbon dioxide ta hanyar haske mai gani. Abin lura shi ne, masu binciken sun gano cewa KGF-10 yana cimma CO2 don ƙirƙirar (HCOO-) tare da zaɓi har zuwa 99% ba tare da wani ƙarin haske ko mai haɓaka haske ba. Bugu da ƙari, KGF-10 ya nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa - ma'aunin ingancin amfani da photons - wanda ya kai ƙimar 9.8% a 400 nm. Abin lura shi ne, nazarin tsarin da aka yi yayin amsawar photocatalytic ya nuna cewa KGF-10 yana fuskantar gyare-gyare na tsari don taimakawa wajen rage tasirin.
Wannan bincike mai ban mamaki ya gabatar da wani babban aikin daukar hoto mai amfani da kwano mai suna KGF-10 ba tare da buƙatar ƙarfe mai daraja a matsayin mai haɓaka hanya ɗaya don rage CO2 don samar da shi ta hanyar haske mai gani ba. Abubuwan ban mamaki na KGF-10 da aka nuna a cikin wannan binciken na iya kawo sauyi ga amfani da shi azaman mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da rage CO2 na rana. Farfesa Maeda ta kammala da cewa: "Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa MOFs na iya zama dandamali don haɓaka ingantattun ƙarfin daukar hoto ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfe marasa guba, masu araha, da wadataccen ƙarfe da ake samu a Duniya, waɗanda galibi hadaddun ƙarfe ne na ƙwayoyin halitta. Ba za a iya cimma su ba." Wannan gano yana buɗe sabbin damammaki. yana buɗe hanyoyi a fagen daukar hoto kuma yana buɗe hanya don amfani da albarkatun Duniya mai ɗorewa da inganci.
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