An buga wannan labarin tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Integrity ta Jama'a, wani ɗakin labarai mai zaman kansa wanda ke bincika rashin daidaito.
wanka. layer. babur. Kevin Hartley, Drew Wynn, da Joshua Atkins suna aiki daban-daban lokacin da suka mutu ƙasa da watanni 10 a tsakaninsu, amma abin da ya rage musu rayuwa iri ɗaya ne: wani sinadari da ke cikin siraran fenti da sauran kayayyaki da ake sayarwa a shaguna a faɗin ƙasar.
Cikin baƙin ciki da fargaba, iyalan sun yi alƙawarin yin duk abin da za su iya don hana sake kashe methylene chloride.
Amma a Amurka, tare da tarihinta na rashin ma'aikata da kuma kare masu amfani da ita, abin mamaki ƙananan sinadarai ne suka sha wahala a wannan ƙaddarar. Wannan shine yadda methylene chloride ya zama mai kisan kai, duk da gargaɗin game da haɗarin hayakinsa tun kafin a haifi Hartley, Wynn, da Atkins. An kashe mutane da yawa, idan ba fiye da haka ba, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ba tare da wani jami'in tsaro ya shiga tsakani ba.
Bayan wani bincike da Cibiyar Tabbatar da Ingancin Jama'a ta gudanar da kuma buƙatun masu fafutukar kare lafiya, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta gabatar da shawarar haramta amfani da ita a cikin na'urorin cire fenti.
A watan Janairun 2017 ne, kwanakin ƙarshe na gwamnatin Obama. Hartley ya mutu a watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar, Wynn a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, Atkins a watan Fabrairu na shekara mai zuwa a lokacin da gwamnatin Trump ta yi ta soke dokokin, kuma gwamnatin Trump tana son yin watsi da dokokin, ba wai ta ƙara su ba, musamman a Hukumar Kare Muhalli. Shawarar methylene chloride ta lalace.
Duk da haka, watanni 13 bayan mutuwar Atkins, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Trump, a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, ta yanke shawarar dakatar da sayar da magungunan rage radadi masu ɗauke da methylene chloride a shaguna. A watan Afrilu, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Biden ta ba da shawarar haramta sinadarin daga dukkan kayayyakin masu amfani da shi da kuma yawancin wuraren aiki.
"Ba kasafai muke yin haka a Amurka ba," in ji Dr. Robert Harrison, farfesa a fannin likitancin sana'a da muhalli a Jami'ar California, San Francisco. "Waɗannan iyalai su ne jarumaina."
Ga yadda suke cin nasara a kan waɗannan sakamakon, da kuma shawarwarinsu idan kuna kan hanya mai wahala, ko lamarin ya shafi kayayyaki masu haɗari, yanayin aiki mara aminci, gurɓatawa, ko wasu haɗari.
"A Google komai," in ji Brian Wynn, wanda ɗan'uwansa Drew mai shekaru 31 ya sayi samfurin dichloromethane don gyara shagon shayinsa mai sanyi a South Carolina. "Kuma abin sha'awa ne ga mutane."
Ga yadda ya koyi game da binciken jama'a da aka buga shekaru biyu kafin mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, inda ya tuntubi ƙwararru kuma ya koyi komai daga inda za a sayi kayan abinci zuwa dalilin da yasa waɗannan mace-macen suke da wahalar ganowa. (Tushewar Methylene chloride tana da matuƙar illa idan ta taru a cikin gida, kuma ikonsu na haifar da bugun zuciya yana kama da mutuwa ta halitta idan babu wanda ya yi gwajin guba.)
Shawara daga mahaifiyar Kevin, Wendy Hartley: "Makarantar ilimi" ita ce kalmar da ake nema. Akwai yiwuwar cikakken bincike yana jiranka. "Wannan zai taimaka wajen raba ra'ayi da gaskiya," ta rubuta a cikin imel.
Lauren Atkins, mahaifiyar Joshua, mai shekaru 31, wacce ta mutu tana ƙoƙarin gyara babban cokalin babur ɗinta na BMX, ta yi magana da UCSF Harrison sau da yawa. A watan Fabrairun 2018, ta sami ɗanta a mace a kusa da kwalbar mai cire fenti.
Sanin Harrison game da methylene chloride ya taimaka mata wajen fassara rahotannin guba da kuma binciken gawar ɗanta zuwa ainihin musabbabin mutuwarsa. Wannan bayyanannen bayani tushe ne mai ƙarfi na ɗaukar mataki.
Sau da yawa, fallasa sinadarai yana jinkirta cutarwa ga mutane, yana haifar da tasirin lafiya wanda ƙila ba zai bayyana ba tsawon shekaru. Gurɓata na iya zama irin wannan labarin. Amma binciken ilimi har yanzu kyakkyawan wuri ne na farawa idan kuna son gwamnatoci su yi wani abu game da waɗannan haɗarin.
Babban tushen nasarar su shine cewa waɗannan iyalai suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka riga suka fara aiki kan amincin sinadarai kuma suna da alaƙa da juna.
Misali, Lauren Atkins ta sami wata takarda a Change.org game da kayayyakin methylene chloride daga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mallaka ta Safer Chemicals Healthy Families, wacce yanzu take ɓangare na Toxin-Free Future, kuma ta sanya hannu a kanta don girmama ɗanta da ya rasu kwanan nan. Brian Wynn ya miƙa hannunsa da sauri.
Haɗin gwiwa yana amfani da ƙarfinsu. Idan babu wani mataki da EPA ta ɗauka, waɗannan iyalai ba sai sun fara aiki ba don tilasta wa dillalan kayayyaki su cire kayayyaki daga kantunansu: Safer Chemicals Healthy Families sun ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin "Think Store" don amsa irin waɗannan kira.
Kuma ba sai sun gano ainihin ayyukan da ma'aikatu ke yi na tsara dokoki ko yin kamfe a Capitol Hill ba. Safer Chemicals Healthy Families da kuma Environmental Defense Fund suna da ƙwarewa a wannan fanni.
ƘARA: 'Nauyi ga rayuwa': Wani bincike ya gano cewa tsofaffi baƙaƙe sun fi fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa daga gurɓatar iska sau uku fiye da manya fararen fata.
Nemo harshe kan sauyin yanayi Heather McTeer Toney tana fafutukar tabbatar da adalci ga muhalli a Kudu
"Idan za ka iya haɗa ƙungiya kamar wannan... kana da iko na gaske," in ji Brian Wynn, yana lura da Majalisar Tsaron Albarkatun Ƙasa, wata ƙungiya da ke aiki a kan batun.
Ba duk wanda ke da sha'awar wannan gwagwarmaya ba ne zai iya taka rawar gani a bainar jama'a a ciki. Misali, baƙi waɗanda ba su da matsayin doka na dindindin suna cikin haɗarin haɗarin wurin aiki, kuma rashin matsayi na iya sa ya yi musu wahala ko kuma ba zai yiwu su yi magana ba.
Abin mamaki, idan waɗannan iyalai suka mayar da hankalinsu ga Hukumar Kare Muhalli, hukumar na iya zama ba ta aiki, musamman a lokacin gwamnatin Trump.
Ta hanyar Mind Store, suna kira ga dillalan kayayyaki da su ceci rayuka ta hanyar kin sayar da fenti mai ɗauke da methylene chloride. Koke-koke da zanga-zanga sun yi aiki. Ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kamfanoni kamar Home Depot da Walmart sun amince su daina.
Ta hanyar Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families da kuma Asusun Kare Muhalli, suna kira ga 'yan Majalisar Dokoki da su dauki mataki. Sun nufi Washington da hoton iyali. Sun yi magana da manema labarai, kuma labarin ya kara zaburar da su.
Sanatoci daga South Carolina da wani memba na Majalisar Wakilai sun rubuta wa Scott Pruitt, wanda a lokacin yake shugaban Hukumar Kare Muhalli. Wani memba na Majalisar Wakilai ya bukaci Pruitt da ya janye daga tattaunawa kan batun a lokacin zaman sauraron karar da aka yi a watan Afrilun 2018. Duk wannan, a cewar Brian Wynn, ya taimaka wa iyalan shirya ganawa da Pruitt a watan Mayun 2018.
"Tsaro ya yi matukar mamaki domin babu wanda ya je ya gan shi," in ji Brian Wynn. "Yana kama da haɗuwa da babban kuma mai iko Oz."
A kan hanya, iyalai sun juya zuwa kotuna. Sun yi amfani da kafofin sada zumunta don gargaɗin mutane kada su saka kansu cikin haɗari. Lauren Atkins ta je shagon kayan aiki don ganin da kanta ko sun yi abin da suka ce suna yi don cire kayayyakin methylene chloride daga kantuna. (Wani lokaci eh, wani lokacin a'a.)
Idan duk wannan yana kama da abin gajiyarwa, ba ku yi kuskure ba. Amma iyalai sun bayyana abin da zai faru idan ba su shiga tsakani ba.
"Ba za a yi komai ba," in ji Lauren Atkins, "tunda ba a taɓa yin komai ba a da."
Ƙananan nasarori suna ƙaruwa. Abu ɗaya yana haifar da wani abu yayin da iyali ba sa yin kasa a gwiwa. Sau da yawa ana buƙatar sulhu na dogon lokaci: yin dokoki na tarayya yana da jinkiri.
Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa ko fiye kafin hukumar ta kammala binciken da ake buƙata don samar da ƙa'ida. Shawarar dole ta fuskanci cikas kafin a kammala ta. Duk da haka, duk wani ƙuntatawa ko sabbin buƙatu zai bayyana a hankali akan lokaci.
Abin da ya ba iyalai damar samun ɗan ƙaramin haramcin EPA cikin sauri shi ne cewa hukumar ta fitar da shawarar kafin ta janye ta. Amma dokar EPA ba ta fara aiki ba sai bayan shekaru 2.5 bayan mutuwar Kevin Hartley. Kuma ba ta shafi amfani da su a wurin aiki ba - kamar Kevin mai shekaru 21 yana wasa da banɗaki a wurin aiki.
Duk da haka, hukumar na iya yanke shawara daban-daban dangane da wanda ke kan mulki. Sabon shawarar da EPA ta gabatar, wacce aka tsara a watan Agusta na 2024, za ta haramta amfani da methylene chloride a mafi yawan wuraren aiki, gami da gyaran baho.
"Dole ne ka yi haƙuri. Dole ne ka dage," in ji Lauren Atkins. "Idan hakan ta faru a rayuwar wani, musamman idan 'ya'yanka ne, za ka same ta. Tana faruwa a yanzu."
Canjin yana da wahala. Neman canji saboda kai ko wani ƙaunatacce ya ji rauni na iya zama mafi wahala, koda kuwa zai iya ba da kwanciyar hankali wanda babu wani abu da zai iya yi.
Lauren Atkins ta yi gargaɗin cewa, "Mutane suna tambayata koyaushe dalilin da yasa nake ci gaba da yin hakan, duk da cewa yana da wahala kuma yana da wahala? Amsar da zan bayar ita ce koyaushe kuma koyaushe ita ce: "Don haka ba sai ka zauna a wurina ba. Ba sai na kasance a inda nake ba."
"Yaya kake ji idan ka rasa rabin kanka? Wani lokaci a gare ni zuciyarsa ta tsaya cak a ranar da tawa," in ji ta. "Amma tunda ba na son kowa ya shiga wannan halin, ba na son kowa ya rasa abin da Joshua ya rasa, kuma wannan shine burina. Ina shirye in yi duk abin da ya kamata."
Brian Wynn, wanda shi ma mai himma ne, ya bayar da wani zaman rage damuwa don taimaka maka ka kammala tseren marathon ɗinka. Gidan motsa jiki nasa ne. "Dole ne ka nemi hanyar da za ka saki motsin zuciyarka," in ji shi.
Wendy Hartley ta yi imanin cewa fafutuka tana warkar da kanta ta hanyar goyon bayan wasu iyalai da kuma sakamakon da suka samu tare.
A matsayinta na mai bayar da gudummawar gaɓɓai, ɗanta ya yi tasiri kai tsaye ga rayuwar wasu. Abin farin ciki ne ganin yadda gadonsa ya bazu a ɗakunan ajiya da ofisoshin gwamnati.
"Kevin ya ceci rayuka da yawa," ta rubuta, "kuma zai ci gaba da ceton rayuka tsawon shekaru masu zuwa."
Idan kana neman sauyi, abu ne mai sauƙi ka ɗauka cewa masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a waɗanda ke biyan kuɗi don ci gaba da kasancewa a halin yanzu za su ci nasara koyaushe. Amma gogewar rayuwarka tana ɗauke da nauyi wanda ba za a iya saya ba.
"Idan ka san yadda ake ba da labarinka, to wani ɓangare ne na rayuwarka, to za ka iya yin sa - kuma idan za ka iya ba da wannan labarin, sa'a gare ka, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a," in ji Brian Wayne. "Mun zo da sha'awa da ƙauna wadda ba za a iya kwatanta ta ba."
Shawarar Wendy Hartley: "Kada ku ji tsoron nuna motsin zuciyarku." Ku yi magana game da tasirin da ke kan ku da iyalinku. "Ku nuna musu tasirin kanku ta hanyar hotuna."
"Shekaru shida da suka wuce, da wani ya ce, 'Idan ka yi ihu da ƙarfi haka, gwamnati za ta saurare ka,' da na yi dariya," in ji Lauren Atkins. "Ka yi tunanin me? Kuri'a ɗaya za ta iya kawo canji. Ina tsammanin wani ɓangare ne na gadon ɗana."
Jamie Smith Hopkins ɗan jarida ne na Cibiyar Integrity ta Jama'a, wani ɗakin labarai mai zaman kansa wanda ke binciken rashin daidaito.