Kayan teburin Melamine suna ba ka damar rayuwa a kan bene ba tare da damuwa game da lalata kyakkyawan china ɗinka ba. Gano yadda waɗannan kayan aikin suka zama dole don cin abinci na yau da kullun a shekarun 1950 da bayan haka.
Leanne Potts 'yar jarida ce da ta lashe kyaututtuka wadda ta shafe shekaru talatin tana ba da rahotanni kan zane da gidaje. Ta kware a kan komai tun daga zabar launukan ɗaki zuwa noman tumatir na gado zuwa asalin zamani a ƙirar cikin gida. Ayyukanta sun bayyana a HGTV, Parade, BHG, Travel Channel da Bob Vila.
Marcus Reeves gogaggen marubuci ne, mai wallafa littattafai, kuma mai duba gaskiya. Ya fara rubuta rahotanni ga mujallar The Source. Ayyukansa sun fito a cikin jaridar The New York Times, Playboy, The Washington Post da Rolling Stone, da sauran littattafai. Littafinsa, Someone Screamed: The Rise of Rap in the Black Power Aftershock, an zaɓe shi don lambar yabo ta Zora Neale Hurston. Shi memba ne na malamai a Jami'ar New York, inda yake koyar da rubutu da sadarwa. Marcus ya sami digirinsa na farko daga Jami'ar Rutgers da ke New Brunswick, New Jersey.
A bayan yaƙin Amurka, unguwannin talakawa na yau da kullun sun kasance cike da cin abincin dare a baranda, yara da yawa, da kuma tarurruka masu daɗi inda ba za ku yi mafarkin zuwa cin abincin dare da kyawawan kayan ciye-ciye da manyan mayafai na teburi ba. Madadin haka, kayan ciye-ciye da aka fi so a wannan lokacin sune kayan ciye-ciye na filastik, musamman waɗanda aka yi da melamine.
"Tabbas Melamine ta dogara ne da wannan salon rayuwa na yau da kullun," in ji Dr. Anna Ruth Gatling, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin zane-zanen cikin gida a Jami'ar Auburn wacce ke koyar da kwas kan tarihin zane-zanen cikin gida.
Melamine wani resin filastik ne da masanin kimiyyar Jamus Justus von Liebig ya ƙirƙiro a shekarun 1830. Duk da haka, tunda kayan suna da tsada don samarwa kuma von Liebig bai taɓa yanke shawarar abin da zai yi da ƙirƙirarsa ba, ya kwanta na tsawon ƙarni ɗaya. A cikin shekarun 1930, ci gaban fasaha ya sa melamine ya zama mai rahusa don samarwa, don haka masu zane suka fara tunanin abin da za su yi da shi, daga ƙarshe suka gano cewa ana iya dumama wannan nau'in filastik ɗin thermoset kuma a ƙera shi zuwa kayan abincin dare mai araha, masu yawa.
A farkon lokacinsa, kamfanin American Cyanamid da ke New Jersey yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun da masu rarraba foda na melamine ga masana'antar robobi. Sun yi rijistar filastik ɗin melamine ɗinsu a ƙarƙashin alamar kasuwanci ta "Melmac". Duk da cewa ana amfani da wannan kayan don yin akwatunan agogo, maƙullan murhu da maƙullan kayan daki, galibi ana amfani da shi don yin kayan tebur.
An yi amfani da kayan tebur na Melamine sosai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma an samar da su da yawa ga sojoji, makarantu, da asibitoci. Ganin cewa ƙarfe da sauran kayan aiki ba su da yawa, ana ɗaukar sabbin robobi a matsayin kayan da za su zama na gaba. Ba kamar sauran robobi na farko kamar Bakelite ba, melamine yana da sinadarai masu ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi don jure wa wanke-wanke da zafi akai-akai.
Bayan yaƙin, kayan tebur na melamine sun shiga dubban gidaje da yawa. "A shekarun 1940 akwai manyan tsire-tsire uku na melamine, amma zuwa shekarun 1950 akwai ɗaruruwa," in ji Gatlin. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan kayan girki na melamine sun haɗa da Branchell, Texas Ware, Lenox Ware, Prolon, Mar-crest, Boontonware, da Raffia Ware.
Yayin da miliyoyin Amurkawa suka ƙaura zuwa unguwannin bayan bunƙasar tattalin arziki bayan yaƙin basasa, sun sayi kayan abinci na melamine don dacewa da sabbin gidajensu da salon rayuwarsu. Rayuwa a baranda ta zama sabuwar sana'a, kuma iyalai suna buƙatar kayan aikin filastik masu araha waɗanda za a iya ɗauka a waje. A lokacin da aka fara amfani da melamine, kayan sun dace da wannan lokacin. "Abincin ba su da yawa kuma ba lallai ne ku yi hankali ba," in ji Gatlin. "Kuna iya jefar da su!"
Talla daga lokacin ta yi ta kiran kayan girki na Melmac a matsayin filastik mai ban mamaki don "rayuwa cikin rashin damuwa a cikin al'adar gargajiya." Wani tallan layin Color-Flyte na Branchell daga shekarun 1950 ya yi iƙirarin cewa kayan girki "an tabbatar da cewa ba za su fashe ba, su fashe ko su karye." Launuka masu shahara sun haɗa da ruwan hoda, shuɗi, turquoise, na'a-na'a, rawaya da fari, tare da siffofi masu haske a cikin salon fure ko na atomic.
“Wutar shekarun 1950 ta yi kama da ta sauran shekarun goma,” in ji Gatlin. Kyakkyawar fata ta wannan lokacin tana bayyana a cikin launuka da siffofi masu haske na waɗannan jita-jita, in ji ta. “Kayan teburin Melamine suna da duk waɗannan siffofi na geometric na tsakiyar ƙarni, kamar siririn kwano da ƙananan hannayen kofin da suka sa ya zama na musamman,” in ji Gatlin. Ana ƙarfafa masu siyayya su haɗa launuka don ƙara kerawa da salo ga kayan ado.
Mafi kyawun ɓangaren shine Melmac yana da araha sosai: saitin mutum huɗu ya kai kimanin dala $15 a shekarun 1950 kuma yanzu kusan dala $175. "Ba su da daraja," in ji Gatlin. "Za ka iya rungumar salon zamani kuma ka nuna halayenka domin kana da zaɓin maye gurbinsu bayan 'yan shekaru ka kuma sami sabbin launuka."
Tsarin kayan teburin melamine shima abin birgewa ne. Cyanamid ɗan Amurka ya ɗauki hayar mai ƙira na masana'antu Russell Wright, wanda ya kawo zamani a teburin Amurka tare da layin kayan teburinsa na zamani na Amurka daga Kamfanin Steubenville Pottery, don yin sihirinsa da kayan teburin filastik. Wright ya tsara layin kayan teburin Melmac na Kamfanin Plastics na Arewa, wanda ya lashe kyautar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani saboda kyakkyawan ƙira a 1953. Tarin da aka kira "Home" yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tarin kayan Melmac na shekarun 1950.
A shekarun 1970, injinan wanke-wanke da microwave sun zama kayan abinci na yau da kullun a cikin ɗakunan girki na Amurka, kuma kayan girki na melamine sun yi ƙasa da kyau. Roba mai ban mamaki na shekarun 1950 ba shi da aminci don amfani da shi a cikin kayan girki kuma an maye gurbinsa da Corelle a matsayin mafi kyawun zaɓi ga kayan girki na yau da kullun.
Duk da haka, a farkon shekarun 2000, melamine ya sami farfadowa tare da kayan daki na zamani na tsakiyar ƙarni. Jerin kayan tarihi na asali na shekarun 1950 sun zama kayan tattarawa kuma an ƙirƙiri sabon layin kayan tebur na melamine.
Sauye-sauye na fasaha a cikin dabarar melamine da tsarin kera ta sa ta zama mai aminci ga na'urar wanke-wanke kuma ta ba ta sabuwar rayuwa. A lokaci guda, karuwar sha'awar dorewa ya sanya melamine ya zama madadin faranti masu yuwuwa waɗanda ke ƙarewa a cikin shara bayan amfani guda ɗaya.
Duk da haka, a cewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, har yanzu melamine bai dace da dumama microwave ba, wanda hakan ke takaita sake farfaɗowarsa, na da da kuma na sabo.
"A wannan zamanin na sauƙi, sabanin ma'anar 1950s na sauƙi, ba za a yi amfani da tsoffin kayan abincin melamine kowace rana ba," in ji Gatlin. Yi wa kayan abincin melamine masu ɗorewa na shekarun 1950s kulawa iri ɗaya da za ku yi wa kayan tarihi. A ƙarni na 21, faranti na filastik na iya zama kayan da aka tarawa masu mahimmanci, kuma melamine na gargajiya na iya zama kyakkyawan china.