Yi rijista don samun wasiƙar labarai ta imel kyauta, Watchdog, kallon kowane mako ga masu ba da rahoto game da amincin jama'a.
Bayan wani bincike da Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta gudanar kan mutuwar methylene chloride da ta shafe shekaru tana yi, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka a shekarar 2019 ta haramta sayar da fenti mai dauke da sinadarin ga masu amfani da shi, kuma dangin wadanda abin ya shafa da masu kare lafiyarsu na ci gaba da kaddamar da wani kamfen na matsin lamba ga jama'a. Hukumar Kare Muhalli na daukar mataki.
Yi rijista don samun wasiƙar labarai ta Watchdog kyauta ta mako-mako don samun sabbin labaran rashin daidaito daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma.
Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar tana buƙatar ƙarin bayani: sun ce ma'aikata ba sa samun kariya daga ƙuntatawa masu tsauri. Yawancin mace-macen da ake samu sakamakon fallasa methylene chloride suna faruwa ne a wurin aiki. Ba wai kawai kayan cire fenti ba ne inda za ku iya samun su.
Yanzu Hukumar Kare Muhalli tana ba da shawarar hana yawancin amfani da methylene chloride—wasu keɓancewa har yanzu suna aiki, amma sun yi ƙasa da haka.
"Na ɗan firgita, ka sani?" Ɗan'uwan Brian Wynn mai shekaru 31, Drew, ya mutu a shekarar 2017 yayin da yake cire fenti daga firijin kamfanin. Da farko Wynn ya yi tunanin matakin da EPA za ta ɗauka a shekarar 2019 kan masu cire fenti "zai fi nisa da abin da za mu iya yi - mun haɗu da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a da Majalisar Dokoki waɗanda aka biya su kuɗi don dakatar da mutane kamar mu." kamar mu kuma sun tabbatar da cewa ribar su ta zo ta farko da kuma aminci. "
Dokar da aka gabatar za ta haramta amfani da methylene chloride a duk kayayyakin masarufi da kuma "mafi yawan aikace-aikacen masana'antu da na kasuwanci," in ji hukumar a cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar a makon da ya gabata.
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ce tana fatan dokar za ta fara aiki a watan Agusta na 2024. Dole ne dokokin tarayya su bi ta hanyar da aka tsara wanda zai bai wa jama'a damar yin tasiri ga sakamakon ƙarshe.
Wannan sinadari, wanda kuma aka sani da methylene chloride, ana samunsa a kan shagunan sayar da kayayyaki kamar su na'urorin rage man shafawa da kuma masu tsaftace goge da ake amfani da su a fenti da shafi. Ana amfani da shi a cikin manne na kasuwanci da kuma na'urorin rufewa. Masu kera suna amfani da shi don yin wasu sinadarai.
Hukumar ta ce akalla mutane 85 ne suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar methylene chloride cikin sauri tun daga shekarar 1980, ciki har da ma'aikatan da suka sami horo kan tsaro da kayan kariya.
Wannan adadi ya fito ne daga wani bincike da OSHA da Jami'ar California, San Francisco suka gudanar a shekarar 2021, wanda ya ƙididdige adadin mace-macen da ake samu a yanzu bisa ga ƙidayar Jama'a ta baya. Wannan adadin kusan ba a iya faɗi ba ne domin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da methylene chloride ke kashe mutane shine ta hanyar haifar da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ga mai lura yana kama da mutuwa sakamakon dalilai na halitta sai dai idan mutum yana son yin nazarin guba.
Nate Bradford Jr. yana aiki don kiyaye rayuwar manoman baƙar fata. Wannan kakar ta Heist ta ba da labarin gwagwarmayarsa ta rayuwa da tarihin wariyar da gwamnati ke yi wa manoman baƙar fata. Yi rijista don samun bayanai da sanarwa a bayan fage lokacin da aka fitar da sabbin shirye-shirye.
A cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), sinadarin ya kuma haifar da "mummunan sakamako na lafiya na dogon lokaci" kamar ciwon daji ga mutanen da aka fallasa ga sinadarin, amma ba a matakin da zai iya kashe su ba.
"Haɗarin methylene chloride sananne ne," in ji hukumar a cikin dokar da aka gabatar.
Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 kan Kiyaye Hakkin Bil Adama ya gano cewa an sha rasa damarmakin shiga tsakani na ceton rai tun daga shekarun 1970. Duk da haka, an samu ƙarin mace-mace bayan da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta fara gabatar da dokar a watan Janairun 2017, a ƙarshen gwamnatin Obama, kuma gwamnatin Trump ta jinkirta shawarar har sai da aka tilasta mata ta ɗauki mataki.
Liz Hitchcock, darektan Safer Chemicals for Healthier Families, wani shiri na gwamnatin tarayya don samar da makoma mara guba, tana cikin wadanda suka shafe shekaru suna aiki don kawo karshen barnar da methylene chloride ke yi. Ta yi maraba da sanarwar da aka gabatar na haramta amfani da shi a matsayin "rana mai muhimmanci".
"Kuma, mutane suna mutuwa sakamakon amfani da waɗannan sinadarai," in ji ta. "Lokacin da mutane ke amfani da waɗannan sinadarai, mutanen da ke kusa suna rashin lafiya kuma mutane suna kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani saboda amfani da waɗannan sinadarai. Muna son tabbatar da cewa mun kare mutane da yawa gwargwadon iko."
Amma ta yi farin ciki da jin cewa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta yi imanin cewa ba za a kammala dokar ba har tsawon wasu watanni 15.
Lauren Atkins, wacce ɗanta Joshua mai shekaru 31 ya mutu a shekarar 2018 bayan ya yi amfani da na'urar cire fenti don fenti keken BMX ɗinsa, tana cikin damuwa cewa ba za a haramta amfani da shi ba. Ta yi matuƙar baƙin ciki da ganin waɗannan ramuka a cikin tallan.
"Na kusa yin tsalle daga kan kujerata har sai da na gama karanta littafin gaba ɗaya, sannan na ji baƙin ciki sosai," in ji Atkins. Bayan mutuwar ɗanta, burinta shine ta cire methylene chloride daga kasuwa don kada ya kashe kowa. "Na rasa ɗana, amma ɗana ya rasa komai."
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ce amfani da sinadarin wajen samar da magunguna ba ya cikin Dokar Kula da Abubuwa Masu Guba, don haka dokokin da aka gabatar ba su haramta shi ba. Hukumar ta ce ma'aikatan da suka ci gaba da amfani da methylene chloride a wasu ayyukan da aka yarda a karkashin shawarar za su sami kariya daga sabon "Shirin Kula da Sinadarai na Aiki tare da Iyakan Fuskantarsu Mai Tsanani." Methylene chloride na iya zama mai kisa lokacin da tururi ya taruwa a wuraren da aka rufe.
Wasu manyan amfani za su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin waɗannan keɓancewa, gami da aikin "muhimmi" ko "mai mahimmanci ga aminci" na sojoji, NASA, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, da 'yan kwangilarsu; amfani da su a dakunan gwaje-gwaje; Amurka da kamfanonin da ke amfani da shi a matsayin reagent ko kera shi don dalilai da aka yarda, in ji Hukumar Kare Muhalli.
Banda hukumomin tarayya, ba a sake samun methylene chloride a cikin masu cire fenti ba. Wannan samfurin shine sanadin mace-mace tsakanin ma'aikatan da ke gyara tsoffin baho a gidaje da gidaje.
Kuma ba za a sake barin amfani da methylene chloride a fannin rage man shafawa na kasuwanci da masana'antu ba, cire manne, kammala yadi, man shafawa na ruwa, manne na sha'awa da kuma jerin wasu amfani masu yawa.
"A halin yanzu, kimanin mutane 845,000 ne ke fuskantar methylene chloride a wurin aiki," in ji Hukumar Kare Muhalli a cikin wata sanarwa. "A ƙarƙashin shawarar EPA, ana sa ran ma'aikata ƙasa da 10,000 za su ci gaba da amfani da methylene chloride kuma su fuskanci shirye-shiryen kariya daga sinadarai da ake buƙata a wurin aiki daga haɗarin da ba a da hujja ba."
Dr. Robert Harrison, farfesa a fannin likitanci a fannin aikin yi da kuma kula da muhalli a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, ya shafe kimanin shekaru goma yana aiki a kan methylene chloride. Ya ce Hukumar Kare Muhalli tana bin shawarar da aka bayar na kokarin daidaita tsaro da matsalolin tattalin arziki da tsaron kasa, kuma ya ga cewa matakin haramcin yana da kwarin gwiwa.
"Ina ganin wannan nasara ce. Wannan nasara ce ga ma'aikata," in ji Harrison, wanda ya shiga cikin wani bincike na 2021 kan mutuwar da ta shafi sinadarai. "Wannan ya kafa kyakkyawan misali don yanke shawara da kuma kafa ƙa'idodi bisa ga kimiyya bayyanannu ... Dole ne mu kawar da waɗannan sinadarai masu guba don fifita madadin aminci waɗanda ke yin illa fiye da kyau."
Za ka iya tunanin cewa bai kamata a sayar da sinadarai a kasuwa ba sai an gano cewa suna da aminci. Amma ba haka tsarin Amurka yake aiki ba.
Damuwa game da amincin sinadarai ya sa Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Kula da Abubuwan Guba a shekarar 1976, wadda ta sanya wasu buƙatu kan sinadarai. Amma ana ganin matakan a matsayin marasa ƙarfi, wanda ya bar Hukumar Kare Muhalli ba ta da ikon yin kimantawa mai faɗi game da aminci. Asusun Tarayya, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1982, ya lissafa kimanin sinadarai 62,000, kuma wannan adadin yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
A shekarar 2016, Majalisa ta yi wa TSCA kwaskwarima domin baiwa Hukumar Kare Muhalli damar gudanar da kimanta haɗarin sinadarai. Methylene chloride ita ce matsala ta farko da hukumar ta magance.
"Shi ya sa muke ƙoƙarin yin garambawul ga TSCA," in ji Hitchcock, wanda ya raba wa ofisoshin majalisar dokoki binciken mutuncin jama'a a wannan lokacin a matsayin manyan misalai na rashin ɗaukar mataki mai tsanani.
Mataki na gaba a cikin shawarar hana amfani da methylene chloride zai kasance na tsawon kwanaki 60 a bainar jama'a. Mutane za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan ajandar EPA, kuma masu fafutukar kare lafiya suna ta fafutukar kare wannan batu.
"Wannan babban ci gaba ne ga lafiyar jama'a, amma ba tare da wasu matsaloli ba," in ji Hitchcock. Tana son ganin tsokaci "suna kira ga Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta rungumi ka'idoji mafi karfi."
Harrison ya taɓa cewa ƙa'idojin sinadarai a Amurka sun ci gaba da tafiya a hankali har sai da ƙanƙara ta fara mamaye ta. Amma yana ganin ci gaba tun bayan gyare-gyaren TSCA na 2016. Sabuwar ƙa'idar da aka yi kan methylene chloride ta ba shi bege.
"Akwai wasu sinadarai da yawa da za su iya biyo bayan shawarar da Amurka ta yanke kan methylene chloride," in ji shi.
Mutuncin Jama'a ba shi da wani tasiri kuma ba ya karɓar talla don haka aikin jarida na bincike zai iya yin babban tasiri wajen magance rashin daidaito a Amurka. Aikinmu yana yiwuwa ne saboda goyon bayan mutane irin ku.
Jamie Smith Hopkins edita ce kuma babbar mai ba da rahoto a Cibiyar Integrity ta Jama'a. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da wasu ayyukan Jamie Smith Hopkins.
Cibiyar Integrity ta Jama'a ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta binciken aikin jarida mai mai da hankali kan rashin daidaito a Amurka. Ba ma karɓar talla ko kuma mu caji mutane su karanta aikinmu.
       Wannan labarinya fara bayyana aCibiyar Tabbatar da Mutunci ga Jama'akuma an sake buga shi a ƙarƙashin lasisin Creative Commons.