A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2023, EPA ta fitar da wata doka ta kula da haɗari ta Sashe na 6(a) Dokar Kula da Abubuwa Masu Guba (TSCA) da aka gabatar, wadda ta sanya takunkumi kan samarwa, shigo da su, sarrafawa, rarrabawa, da amfani da dichloromethane. mai narkewa da aka yi amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen mabukaci da kasuwanci daban-daban. Wannan ita ce dokar kula da haɗari ta farko da EPA ta gabatar tun lokacin da ta buga wani sabon ma'anar haɗari a bara bisa ga sabuwar hanyarta ta "dukkan sinadarai" da manufofinta waɗanda ke buƙatar ma'aikata kada su sanya kayan kariya na sirri (PPE). Hakanan yana nuna faɗaɗawar haramcin dokoki da suka shafi sinadarai waɗanda suka riga suka kasance ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin kula da haɗari na TSCA, kodayake waɗannan ƙuntatawa sun fi ƙuntatawa a ƙarƙashin tsarin aikin kula da haɗari na EPA na baya.
Hukumar EPA ta gabatar da shawarar hana samar da dichloromethane na kasuwanci, sarrafawa da rarrabawa don amfanin gida; haramta yawancin amfani da dichloromethane na masana'antu da kasuwanci; yana buƙatar tsarin kariya na musamman ga wuraren aiki (WCPP) ya ci gaba da aiki kuma ya samar da wasu keɓancewa na lokaci mai mahimmanci dangane da Sashe na 6(g) na TSCA don amfani da methylene chloride wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga tsaron ƙasa da muhimman kayayyakin more rayuwa. Masu ruwa da tsaki suna da har zuwa 3 ga Yuli, 2023 don yin tsokaci kan dokar da aka gabatar.
A yayin gabatar da matakan rage haɗari ga dichloromethane, EPA ta gano cewa sake amfani da abu a aikace-aikacen masu amfani, kasuwanci, da masana'antu yana buƙatar ɗaukar matakin doka, musamman haramci, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Jadawali na 3 na dokar da aka gabatar. Yawancin waɗannan sharuɗɗan amfani sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga ba, amfani da methylene chloride na masana'antu da kasuwanci don tsaftacewar sinadarai masu narkewa, fenti da shafi (da wanke-wanke), rage mai da tururi, manne, manne, manne, manne, yadi da yadi, da kayayyakin kula da mota, mai da man shafawa, rufin bututu, haƙa mai da iskar gas, kayan wasa, kayan wasa da wasanni, da kayayyakin filastik da roba. EPA ta kuma ƙayyade cewa duk wani amfani da dichloromethane da aka tantance ga masu amfani yana buƙatar a haramta shi.
Hukumar EPA ta yi iƙirarin cewa buƙatun shawarar sun hana amfani da ke ɗauke da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimillar samarwa na shekara-shekara (TSCA da amfani da TSCA ba tare da TSCA ba) na methylene chloride da aka samar, "wanda ke barin isassun hannun jari da ke yawo don samar da tushen da EPA ta gabatar don ba da damar." Ci gaba da amfani. Waɗannan amfani masu mahimmanci ko na farko suna ta hanyar Critical Use Exemption ko WCPP.
Da zarar EPA ta gano cewa wani abu yana da haɗarin cutarwa mara dalili ga lafiyar ɗan adam ko muhalli a cikin kimanta haɗarinsa, dole ne ta gabatar da buƙatun kula da haɗari gwargwadon yadda ya kamata don kada sinadarin ya sake samun irin waɗannan haɗarin. Lokacin da ake sanya takunkumin kula da haɗari ga sinadarai, EPA ya kamata ta yi la'akari da tasirin tattalin arziki na dokar, gami da farashi da fa'idodi, ingancin farashi, da tasirin dokar ga tattalin arziki, ƙananan kasuwanci, da sabbin fasahohi. ko ya kamata a haramta maganin. Akwai madadin fasaha da tattalin arziki.
Hukumar EPA ta gabatar da haramcin amfani da methylene chloride da kuma kwanakin da suka fara aiki kamar haka:
Hukumar EPA ta kuma gabatar da buƙatun sanarwa da kiyaye bayanai ga kamfanonin da ke samar da methylene chloride ga abokan ciniki.
Amfani da dichloromethane don cire fenti da fenti don amfanin mabukaci ba a haɗa shi cikin wannan haramcin ba, domin wannan amfani ya riga ya rufe ta a cikin ƙa'idar kula da haɗarin EPA ta yanzu da aka bayar a cikin 2019, wanda aka tsara a cikin 40 CFR § 751.101.
Sashe na 6(g) na TSCA ya ba EPA damar keɓe wasu zaɓuɓɓuka daga buƙatun ƙa'idar kula da haɗari don amfani mai mahimmanci ko mahimmanci da EPA ke ganin akwai. Hakanan yana ba da damar yin afuwa idan EPA ta tantance cewa bin wannan buƙata zai haifar da mummunan lahani ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa, tsaron ƙasa, ko muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar keɓewa mai mahimmanci ga amfani da methylene chloride a cikin waɗannan yanayi:
Tsarin WCPP da EPA ta tsara don amfani da dichloromethane da aka yarda da shi ya haɗa da cikakkun buƙatu don kare ma'aikata daga fallasa, gami da kariyar numfashi, amfani da PPE, sa ido kan fallasa, horo, da wuraren da aka tsara. Ya kamata a lura cewa EPA ta gabatar da ƙayyadadden fallasa sinadarai (ECEL) don yawan methylene chloride da ke cikin iska sama da sassa 2 a kowace miliyan (ppm) bisa ga matsakaicin lokaci na awanni 8 (TWA), wanda ya yi ƙasa sosai da Iyakar Bayyanar da aka Yarda (PEL) ta OSHA ta yanzu don dichloromethane shine 25 ppm. Matsayin aikin da aka tsara zai zama rabin ƙimar ECEL, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin ayyukan sa ido don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikata ba su fallasa ga yawan da ke sama da ECEL ba. EPA kuma ta ba da shawarar sanya iyaka ga fallasa na ɗan gajeren lokaci (EPA STEL) na 16 ppm a cikin lokacin ɗaukar samfur na mintuna 15.
Maimakon dakatarwa, EPA ta gabatar da buƙatu don kare ma'aikata a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan amfani:
Sarrafawa: A matsayin wani sinadari mai aiki da sinadarai. Lura cewa EPA ta ba da damar ci gaba da amfani da wannan sinadarin a ƙarƙashin WCPP saboda tana la'akari da cewa ana sake amfani da wani adadi mai yawa na dichloromethane don waɗannan amfani, kusan duk ana amfani da su don samar da HFC-32. HFC-32 yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka sarrafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ƙirƙirar da Masana'antu ta Amurka (Dokar AIM) ta 2020. EPA tana tsammanin ta hanyar ba da izini ga HFC-32, wannan ƙa'ida ba zai hana ƙoƙarin komawa ga ƙananan sinadarai masu yuwuwar dumamar yanayi ba.
Amfani da masana'antu ko na kasuwanci don cire fenti da fenti daga jiragen sama da kayan aikin sararin samaniya masu mahimmanci ga aminci, waɗanda ke da saurin lalata, mallakar ko sarrafa su daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, NASA, Tsaron Cikin Gida, da Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, wata hukuma, ko wata hukuma da ke gudanar da ayyukan kwangila a wurare, waɗanda hukuma ko ɗan kwangila na hukuma ke kula da su.
Amfani da masana'antu ko na kasuwanci a matsayin manne ga acrylic da polycarbonate a cikin motocin soja da sararin samaniya masu mahimmanci, gami da samar da batura na musamman ko 'yan kwangilar hukuma.
Masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda ke ƙera, sarrafawa, rarrabawa, ko amfani da methylene chloride don kowane yanayi na amfani da EPA ke tantancewa na iya sha'awar yin tsokaci kan fannoni da yawa na wannan ƙa'idar da aka gabatar ta farko. Masu sha'awar na iya la'akari da bayar da gudummawa ga EPA a fannoni masu zuwa:
Kimanta Hanyar Gudanar da Hadari ga Sharuɗɗan Amfani: Masu ruwa da tsaki na iya son tantance ko sharuɗɗan kula da haɗari da aka gabatar don kowane yanayi na amfani sun yi daidai da kimanta haɗarin methylene chloride na EPA don kowane yanayi na amfani da EPA. ™ Ikon doka a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 6 na TSCA. Misali, idan EPA ta gano cewa fallasa fata ga methylene chloride a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan amfani yana haifar da haɗari mara ma'ana, kuma idan EPA ta buƙaci fiye da kariyar fata don rage haɗarin, masu ruwa da tsaki na iya son tantance dacewar irin waɗannan ƙarin buƙatun.
Kuɗi: Hukumar EPA ta kiyasta ƙarin kuɗaɗen rashin rufewa da ke da alaƙa da wannan doka da aka tsara a kan dala miliyan 13.2 a cikin shekaru 20 a ƙimar rangwame na kashi 3% da dala miliyan 14.5 a cikin shekaru 20 a ƙimar rangwame na kashi 7%. Masu ruwa da tsaki na iya son tantance ko waɗannan kuɗaɗen da aka yi hasashen sun shafi dukkan fannoni na aiwatar da dokar da aka tsara, gami da farashin sake aiwatarwa (hana amfani) ko bin ƙa'idodin WCPP don ba da damar ci gaba da amfani, gami da bin ƙa'idodin ECEL 2 ppm.
Bukatun WCPP: Ga sharuɗɗan amfani da EPA ta gabatar don hana, masu ruwa da tsaki na iya tantance ko suna da bayanai da ke tallafawa bin ƙa'idodin WCPP waɗanda za su rage fallasa sosai maimakon hanawa (musamman ga sharuɗɗan amfani inda EPA ta gabatar da WCPP a matsayin madadin farko, wanda aka gabatar a cikin ƙa'idar da aka gabatar. Masu ruwa da tsaki na iya son kimanta yuwuwar buƙatun WCPP da kuma la'akari da bin ƙa'idar OSHA don methylene chloride.
Jadawalin Lokaci: Masu ruwa da tsaki na iya la'akari da ko jadawalin haramcin da aka gabatar zai yiwu kuma sauran amfani sun cancanci a yi la'akari da shi don keɓewa mai mahimmanci na ɗan lokaci bisa ga ƙa'idodin doka don keɓewa mai mahimmanci.
Madadin: Masu ruwa da tsaki za su iya yin tsokaci kan kimantawar EPA na madadin methylene chloride da kuma ganin ko akwai madadin da ya fi araha kuma mafi aminci don canzawa zuwa ga amfani da aka haramta a ƙarƙashin dokar.
Mafi ƙarancin Matakai: Hukumar EPA ta nemi a yi tsokaci kan adadin wuraren da za su iya lalacewa da kuma kuɗaɗen da ke tattare da su, kuma ta haramta amfani da dichloromethane a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa na amfani da masana'antu da kasuwanci da aka ƙayyade a cikin ƙa'idar da aka tsara. Hukumar EPA kuma tana son yin tsokaci kan ko ya kamata a yi la'akari da mafi ƙarancin matakan methylene chloride (misali 0.1% ko 0.5%) a cikin wasu tsare-tsare don amfanin masana'antu da kasuwanci masu ɗorewa lokacin kammala haramcin, kuma idan haka ne, waɗanne matakai ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin mafi ƙarancin.
Takaddun Shaida da Horarwa: A cikin shawarar da ta bayar, EPA ta bayyana cewa ta kuma yi la'akari da irin yadda takaddun shaida da shirye-shiryen shiga da aka takaita su takaita amfani da methylene chloride ga masu amfani da aka horar kuma aka ba su lasisi don tabbatar da cewa wasu ma'aikatan masana'antu ne kawai za su iya siya da amfani da dichloromethane. Masu ruwa da tsaki na iya son yin tsokaci kan ko shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida da horarwa na iya yin tasiri wajen rage fallasa ma'aikata a matsayin hanyar kula da haɗari a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan amfani, gami da sharuɗɗan amfani da EPA ta gabatar don hana.
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