Sakamakon wani bincike da wata ƙungiya daga Jami'ar Shanghai Jiaotong ta gudanar ya nuna cewa formic acid wata alama ce ta fitsari mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wadda za ta iya gano cutar Alzheimer ta farko (AD). Binciken zai iya share hanyar yin gwajin fitsari mai rahusa da sauƙi. Dr. Yifan Wang, Dr. Qihao Guo da abokan aikinsa sun buga wani kasida mai taken "Kimanta Tsarin Acid na Formic a cikin Fitsari a matsayin Sabon Alamar Alzheimer ta Halittu" a cikin Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. A cikin sanarwarsu, marubutan sun kammala da cewa: "Formic acid a cikin fitsari yana da kyakkyawan yanayin gwaji da wuri don gano cutar Alzheimer ta Halittu... Gano alamun cutar Alzheimer a cikin fitsari abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai araha. Ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin binciken likita na yau da kullun na tsofaffi."
Marubutan sun bayyana cewa AD, nau'in cutar dementia da aka fi sani da ita, ana siffanta ta da ci gaba da rashin fahimta da kuma rashin halayya. Manyan siffofin cutar AD sun haɗa da tarin amyloid β (Aβ) na ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau, tarin ƙwayoyin neurofibrillary tau masu tangles marasa kyau, da kuma lalacewar synapse. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da cewa, "ba a fahimci cikakken yanayin cutar AD ba."
Cutar Alzheimer ba za a iya lura da ita ba har sai ta yi latti don magani. "Cutar ce mai ɗorewa kuma mai ban tsoro, ma'ana tana iya tasowa kuma ta daɗe tsawon shekaru kafin ta bayyana a fili," in ji marubutan. "Matsakaicin farko na cutar yana faruwa kafin matakin cutar hauka mai canzawa, wanda shine taga mai kyau don shiga tsakani da magani. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a yi babban bincike don gano cutar Alzheimer a matakin farko a cikin tsofaffi."
Duk da cewa shirye-shiryen tantance mutane da yawa suna taimakawa wajen gano cutar a matakin farko, hanyoyin gano cutar na yanzu suna da tsauri kuma suna da tsada don tantancewa akai-akai. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CET) na iya gano wuraren ajiyar Aβ da wuri, amma yana da tsada kuma yana fallasa marasa lafiya ga radiation, yayin da gwaje-gwajen biomarker waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gano cutar Alzheimer suna buƙatar zubar jini mai yawa ko huda a lumbar don samun ruwan cerebrospinal, wanda zai iya zama abin ƙyama ga marasa lafiya.
Masu binciken sun lura cewa bincike da dama sun nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a tantance marasa lafiya don gano alamun fitsari na AD. Gwajin fitsari ba shi da haɗari kuma yana da sauƙi, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da gwajin yawan jama'a. Amma yayin da masana kimiyya suka riga suka gano alamun fitsari na AD, babu ɗaya da ya dace don gano matakan farko na cutar, ma'ana taga mai kyau don magani da wuri har yanzu ba ta da tabbas.
Wang da abokan aikinsa sun yi nazarin formaldehyde a matsayin alamar fitsari ga cutar Alzheimer. "A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gane rashin daidaituwar metabolism na formaldehyde a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan siffofin raunin fahimta da ke da alaƙa da shekaru," in ji su. "Binciken da muka yi a baya ya ba da rahoton alaƙa tsakanin matakan formaldehyde na fitsari da aikin fahimta, yana nuna cewa formaldehyde na fitsari alama ce mai yuwuwa don gano cutar AD da wuri."
Duk da haka, akwai damar inganta amfani da formaldehyde a matsayin alamar cutar don gano cututtuka da wuri. A cikin binciken da suka buga kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta mayar da hankali kan tsari, wani metabolite na formaldehyde, don ganin ko yana aiki mafi kyau a matsayin alamar cutar.
Ƙungiyar binciken ta ƙunshi mutane 574, ciki har da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer mai tsanani daban-daban, da kuma mahalarta da ke kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar fahimta. Masu binciken sun yi nazarin samfuran fitsari da jini daga mahalarta don neman bambance-bambance a cikin alamun fitsari kuma sun gudanar da kimantawa ta hankali. An raba mahalarta zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyar bisa ga ganewar asali: na yau da kullun na fahimta (NC) mutane 71, raguwar fahimta ta mutum (SCD) 101, babu ƙarancin lahani na fahimta (CINM), nakasa ta hankali 131, nakasa ta hankali mai sauƙi (MCI) mutane 158, da kuma 113 da ke da BA.
Binciken ya gano cewa matakan sinadarin urinary formic acid sun yi yawa sosai a cikin dukkan rukunin cututtukan Alzheimer kuma suna da alaƙa da raguwar fahimta idan aka kwatanta da ingantattun hanyoyin kula da lafiya, gami da farkon rukunin raguwar fahimta. Wannan yana nuna cewa formic acid na iya zama alamar alama mai mahimmanci a farkon matakin AD. "A cikin wannan binciken, mun bayar da rahoto a karon farko cewa matakan sinadarin urinary formic acid suna canzawa tare da raguwar fahimta," in ji su. "Acid formic acid na fitsari ya nuna tasiri na musamman wajen gano cutar AD. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙara yawan sinadarin urinary formic acid a cikin rukunin ganewar SCD, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya amfani da acid formic acid na fitsari don gano cutar AD da wuri."
Abin sha'awa, lokacin da masu binciken suka yi nazarin matakan fitsari tare da alamun cutar Alzheimer a cikin jini, sun gano cewa za su iya yin hasashen matakin cutar a cikin marasa lafiya daidai. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin cutar Alzheimer da formic acid.
Duk da haka, marubutan sun kammala da cewa: "Ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da matakan fitsari da formaldehyde don bambance AD ​​da NC ba, har ma da inganta daidaiton hasashen alamun alamun plasma don matakin cutar AD. yiwuwar alamun alamun don ganewar asali".